| Persistent acne > 3 months | Hormonal imbalance, PCOS, comedonal acne, cosmetic-induced, oily skin | Topical retinoids + benzoyl peroxide, oral antibiotics or isotretinoin if indicated, skin-routine plan, hormonal screen |
| Diffuse hair fall (>100/day) | Telogen effluvium, iron/B12/Vit-D deficiency, thyroid, PCOS, postpartum, stress | CBC + ferritin + thyroid + Vit D, minoxidil, micronutrient correction, scalp routine, stress audit |
| Patchy hair loss / bald spots | Alopecia areata, tinea capitis, traction alopecia, lichen planopilaris, scarring alopecia | Photo-based scalp examination, topical or intralesional steroids, antifungals if tinea, biopsy referral |
| Brown patches on cheeks / forehead | Melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, sun damage, hormonal, drug-induced | Hydroquinone or tranexamic acid, retinoids, SPF 50+, glycolic peel referral, sun-avoidance plan |
| Itchy red rash, recurrent | Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczema, fungal, scabies, urticaria, drug eruption | Photo-based diagnosis, emollients, topical steroids, antihistamines, allergen identification, patch testing referral |
| Scaly silver patches on elbows / scalp | Psoriasis (plaque, scalp, nail), eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, lichen planus | Topical steroids + Vit D analogs, salicylic acid, phototherapy referral or biologics for severe cases |
| Sudden facial swelling / hives | Acute urticaria, drug allergy, food allergy, angioedema, viral infection | Antihistamines, oral steroids if severe, allergen workup, EpiPen referral if anaphylaxis history |
| Ringworm / circular itchy patch | Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, candidiasis, eczema | Topical antifungals (terbinafine, clotrimazole), oral antifungals if widespread, hygiene plan, recurrence prevention |
| Persistent facial redness & flushing | Rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, lupus, telangiectasia | Topical metronidazole/ivermectin, oral doxycycline, trigger management, laser referral if vascular |
| White patches spreading on skin | Vitiligo, pityriasis versicolor, idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, post-inflammatory hypopigmentation | KOH test referral, antifungals if tinea, topical steroids/calcineurin inhibitors for vitiligo, phototherapy referral |
| New mole or changing mole | Benign nevus, dysplastic nevus, melanoma, seborrheic keratosis, pigmented BCC | ABCDE evaluation via photo, dermoscopy referral if available, urgent biopsy referral if suspicious |
| Painful red bumps / boils | Folliculitis, furuncle, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne nodulocystic | Oral antibiotics, topical clindamycin, hygiene routine, drainage referral, hidradenitis specialist referral |