Panic Disorder — DSM-5-TR 300.01 · ICD-11 6B01. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks + ≥1 month of anticipatory anxiety, worry about consequences, or behaviour change.
PDSS — Panic Disorder Severity Scale (Shear 1997). 7-item clinician-administered scale, score 0-28. 0-7 mild, 8-14 moderate, 15-21 severe, 22-28 extreme.
CBT-Panic — Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Panic (Barlow & Craske). NICE first-line. Psychoeducation + cognitive restructuring + interoceptive exposure + in-vivo exposure. 70-85% response.
Interoceptive Exposure — Cornerstone CBT-Panic technique. Deliberately inducing feared body sensations (hyperventilation, spinning, breath-holding) to break the fear-of-fear cycle.
In Vivo Exposure — Graduated real-world exposure to avoided situations (lifts, malls, transport). Essential for agoraphobia treatment.
PFPP — Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (Milrod). Evidence-based alternative for CBT non-responders. Twice-weekly, 24 sessions.
Low-dose SSRI — Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor. For panic: start LOW (sertraline 12.5mg, escitalopram 5mg, paroxetine 10mg), titrate slowly over 4-6 weeks.
Agoraphobia — DSM-5-TR 300.22 · ICD-11 6B02. Fear/avoidance of crowds, transport, lifts, being alone outside. Develops in ~33% of panic patients.
Cardiophobia — Excessive fear of heart attack during panic. Multiple ER visits common. Treated with cardiology rule-out + CBT-Panic + cognitive work on health anxiety.
Anticipatory Anxiety — "Fear of the next attack" between actual attacks. Often more debilitating than attacks themselves. ACT and cognitive work address this.
SUDS — Subjective Units of Distress Scale. 0-10 self-rating used during exposure to gauge intensity. Hierarchy built from SUDS 3 up to SUDS 9.
Benzodiazepine — Alprazolam, clonazepam. Effective short-term but dependence risk >4 weeks. Used as bridge during SSRI uptitration only.
Nocturnal Panic — Attacks emerging from non-REM sleep. Wakes the patient in full panic. Distinct from nightmares. Sleep hygiene + CBT-Panic.
Derealisation — Feeling unreal, dreamlike, detached during panic. Not psychosis. Grounding techniques help.
NMC — National Medical Commission of India. Statutory body for medical practitioners (psychiatrists).
RCI — Rehabilitation Council of India. Statutory body for clinical/counselling psychologists.