Triangulation is a psychological idea frequently addressed within the realms
of relationships, communication, and behavior patterns. Originating from
Bowen’s Family Systems Theory, triangulation in psychology describes the
process in which a third individual is brought into a dyadic relationship to
alleviate stress or influence the exchange. This occurrence is frequently seen
in triangulation in family dynamics, work environments, friendships, and also
in romantic partnerships. Grasping triangulation in relationships is essential
for identifying harmful patterns and promoting better communication,
highlighting the importance of understanding psychological effects of
triangulation and strategies for overcoming it.
Introduction to Triangulation in Psychology
Triangulation in psychology happens when someone brings in a third party to
mediate or shift focus in a relationship. Although it may occasionally act as
a short-term solution to conflicts it frequently results in additional
difficulties. The third party acts as a buffer or ally, whether or
unintentionally, resulting in power disparities and emotional stress.
For instance, in triangulation in family dynamics, a child might be positioned
as a meditator for partners who shun direct dialogue, unintentionally imposing
excessive emotional strain on the child. Understanding triangulation in
relationships and its psychological effects is essential for addressing
harmful patterns and promoting healthier interactions.
What is Triangulation?
In psychological language, triangulation in psychology refers to the act of
bringing in an outside individual to mediate, redirect or strengthen
interactions within a two-person relationship. This frequently happens to
reduce
anxiety or influence results. Signs of triangulation in relationships may
manifest in different ways, such as seeking emotional support, forming
alliances, or avoiding conflict. Understanding these dynamics is important
for addressing the psychological effects of triangulation and fostering
healthier communication patterns.
Origins of the Concept
Dr. Murray Bowen initially introduced the concept of triangulation in family
dynamics within his Family Systems Theory. Bowen noted that bringing in a
third person can temporarily calm a relationship when tension occurs.
Nevertheless, this stability frequently incurs a price as it hinders the
direct resolution of fundamental problems and sustains harmful behaviors.
Bowen’s research established the groundwork for comprehending how family
members unknowingly form triangles to alleviate tension. This principle is now
widely applied in triangulation in relationships and has been utilized in
various interpersonal and organizational settings.
How it works:
Triangulation in psychology generally consists of three roles:
-
The initiator: The individual who forms the triangle, frequently to evade
conflict or to secure a benefit.
-
The target: The person who is marginalized or faced with a disadvantage.
-
The third party: The individual introduced into the situation, who might
serve as a mediator, supporter, or target.
For instance, at a job an employee might seek a manger’s help to resolve
issues with a co-worker instead of confronting the coworker directly. This may
lead to friction and distrust among the team.
Types of Triangulation
Triangulation in psychology can take various forms:
-
Emotional Triangulation: This involves seeking emotional affirmation or
assistance from a third person rather than confronting the matter directly
with the parties involved.
-
Conflict Triangulation: Entails involving a third party in a dispute to
act as a mediator or ‘‘choose a side’’.
-
Manipulative Triangulation: When one individual employs a third party to
dominate, influence or exclude the other.
These patterns are commonly observed in triangulation in relationships and
triangulation in family dynamics, where they can lead to psychological effects
of triangulation, such as increased tension and disrupted communication.
Case Study: Parent-Child Triangulation
A mother, frustrated with her partner, vents to their child rather than
confronting the problem head-on. The child, sensing a need to ‘choose
sides’ undergoes stress and confusion. This situation hampers healthy
resolution between the parents and imposes an unwarranted emotional strain on
the child.
The Psychological Impact of Triangulation
The Impact of triangulation in psychology on mental health and relationships
can be significant:
-
Stress and Anxiety: The third party might experience pressure or become
overwhelmed due to their involvement.
-
Loss of Trust: The disregarded party might sense abandonment or
separation.
-
Impaired Communication: Avoiding direct conflict resolution leads to
ongoing unresolved problems.
The study conducted by Minuchin et al. (1974) emphasizes that triangulation in
family dynamics leads to maladaptive behaviours in children, such as
anxiety and low self-worth. In the same vein, research on workplace
dynamics indicates that triangulation frequently results in lower morale and
diminished team unity (Pearson & Porath, 2009). These findings underline
the psychological effects of triangulation and its detrimental consequences
in various settings.
Triangulation in Romantic Relationships
Triangulation in relationships is especially detrimental, where it may appear
as:
-
Emotional Infidelity: Pursuing emotional closeness outside the
relationship to evade confronting problems with a partner.
-
Engaging others in conflicts: Relying on friends or relatives for
assistance during disputes, frequently intensifying tensions.
Case example: In a tense relationship, one partner shares their complaints
with a mutual friend rather than addressing them with their partner. The
friend, sensing a responsibility to intervene, gets caught up in the
couple’s problem. This dynamic fosters increased tension and
estrangement in the relationship.
Triangulation and Narcissistic Behavior
Narcissistic people frequently employ triangulation in psychology as a
manipulation strategy to:
Form partnerships and exclude identified dangers. Manipulate the narrative by
enlisting a third party as a “flying monkey” to uphold their
perspective.
Campbell and Foster (2007) state that triangulation in relationships is a
frequent tactic in narcissistic relationships, where the narcissist aims to
exert control and diminish other’s independence. Understanding the
psychological effects of triangulation in such situations is important for
recognizing and addressing manipulative behaviors.
Breaking the Triangulation Cycle
-
Identify the pattern: Being aware is the initial stage in tackling
triangulation.
-
Foster Direct Communication: Promote transparent discussions among the
main parties concerned.
-
Establish limits: The third party must firmly decline to choose sides or
intervene.
-
Pursue Expert Assistance: Therapists can promote improved communication
methods and conflict management.
Triangulation in Research and Therapy
Triangulation has a beneficial use in qualitative research as it involves
employing various data sources or techniques to corroborate results. In
therapy, recognizing and tackling triangulation can assist families and
couples in developing stronger, more straightforward communication.
In structural
Family Therapy
,
Therapist's aim to “detriangle” relationships by promoting
direct communication and reduce reliance on outside influences.
Conclusion:
Triangulation in psychology is an intricate process that can either provide
short-term stability in relationships or sustain detrimental patterns. By
acknowledging its indicators and influence, people can promote healthier, more
straightforward communication, resulting in stronger and more harmonious
relationships.